The goal during a cutting phase is to reduce body fat while preserving muscle mass (lean body mass). Just like weight loss, cutting requires a precise and rigorous nutritional approach to be effective.
To successfully lose weight, the body must be placed in a calorie deficit . However, this energy restriction can quickly become a trap. Without a suitable dietary strategy,the body ends up drawing on its muscle reserves to compensate for the lack of energy.
This is where protein plays a key role. These macronutrients directly contribute to muscle building, repair, and maintenance. Proteinalso promotes a prolonged feeling of fullness, making it easier to manage daily calorie intake. Its thermogenic effect also slightly increases the basal metabolic rate, helping to optimize body fat loss.
Be mindful of your protein intake: too little, and muscle breakdown sets in. Too much, and the body won’t use this extra energy efficiently. Generally, it’s recommended to aim for 1.6 to 2.4 g per kg of body weight each day to preserve muscle mass during a cutting phase. A 70-kg person following a cutting program should therefore ideally consume between 112 and 168 g of protein per day.
Let's take a look at when and how to consume protein to optimize your weight loss results.
What are some sources of protein during the off-season?
A good diet plan for weight loss involves maximizing protein intake in meals while controlling total calorie intake.
Protein Foods: Macronutrients & Protein/Calorie Ratio
Nutritional values per 100g of food – P/Cal ratio expressed in g of protein per 100 kcal
Verified data: Sources CIQUAL 2020 (ANSES), official databases, and recent nutritional studies
| Feed | Calories (kcal) | Protein (g) | Carbohydrates (g) | Fat (g) | P/Cal ratio |
|---|
* P/Cal ratio: grams of protein per 100 calories. The higher the ratio, the more effective the food is in terms of protein intake per calorie consumed.
Sources: CIQUAL 2020 (ANSES), validated nutritional studies, and official databases.
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Plant-based proteins require a different approach, but are just as effective. In a meal, combining grains and legumes creates a complete protein profile to meet daily needs. This combination helps compensate for the amino acids missing from each food group.
Certain plant protein isolates can offer a very beneficial amino acid profile for supplementation. As with whey, it is important to ensure full product traceability (crops/isolate production/finished product manufacturing) and a composition free of additives.
The benefits of protein powder
Let’s take the example of a woman who weighs 65 kg. If she aims for 2 g of protein per kilogram of body weight, she will need to consume 130 grams of protein per day. Meeting this goal without exceeding her daily calorie limit, while ensuring she gets enough of each macronutrient, seems challenging.
Protein powders make it easier to manage calorie intake during a muscle-building phase. A serving of whey protein provides 20 to 25 grams of protein for only about 120 calories (depending on the brand). Whey proteinallows youto control your calorie intake while ensuring an adequate protein intake.
Whey isolate has the advantage of being quickly absorbed and naturally providing a complete BCAA profile. This dietary supplement provides essential proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Mistakes to avoid
- Overconsumption is the first pitfall for any practitioner. Although harmless, exceeding 2 grams per kilogram of body weight does not provide any additional benefits in terms of muscle growth.
- Neglecting other macronutrients is a common mistake in sports nutrition. Carbohydrates and lipids play an essential role in hormonal balance and performance. Too drastic a reduction compromises the effectiveness of physical activity and muscle growth.
- Losing weight too quickly (>2kg per month) leads to a significant decrease in muscle mass, reducing your basal metabolic rate and making weight regain almost inevitable. To avoid the yo-yo effect, aim for gradual weight loss while maintaining a high protein intake to preserve your metabolism and ensure lasting results.
When should you take your protein?
The distribution of macronutrients throughout the day can influence the preservation of muscle mass.
A post-workout snack?
The post-workout anabolic window is often debated among athletes. After physical exercise, the body synthesizes new proteins (particularly for muscle tissue). This post-workout hour is often considered the ideal time to consume your daily protein intake. However, numerous studies downplay the importance of this window: if you consume protein regularly and in sufficient quantities throughout the day, the timing of consumption is not a determining factor.
The ideal distribution is to spread your protein intake throughout the day (cottage cheese for breakfast, a protein snack, fish for dinner, etc.). This continuity ensures that protein is always available for synthesis and, above all, keeps you feeling full during periods of calorie restriction.
Days off?
Maintaining sufficient protein intake on non-training days is important for preserving muscle mass. The body continues its muscle repair and building processes even at rest.
The recommendations should be maintained on rest days.
The phases of hypertrophy extend over prolonged periods, well beyond the single training session and its periphery.Muscle development requires a constant supply of amino acids to fuel protein synthesis.
In the evening?
Casein is known to gradually release its amino acids over a period of 6 to 8 hours. It is often used in the evening to reduce the potential catabolism phase. However, its aminogram is less complete (natural richness in BCAAs) than whey, which overall makes its specific interest compared to whey debatable and relative. In fact, the relatively rapid release of amino acids from whey can be modulated when taken with a full meal.
Consuming protein after dinner, as a dessert for example, slows down its absorption. This trick allows you to use classic whey protein, giving it the characteristics of a slower protein. The contents of the stomach naturally slow down absorption.
In the morning?
Breaking thenighttime fast quickly is a priority for preserving muscle mass. Duringthe night, the body can draw on its muscle reserves to maintain vital functions. Eating in the morning stops this potential catabolism.
The body effectively uses these morning proteins to boost protein synthesis. This strategy is particularly important during periods of weight loss, when calorie deficits constantly threaten muscle balance.
Conclusion
The key is to spread your protein intake evenly throughout the day. To optimize protein synthesis and preserve muscle mass during a cutting phase, it is recommended to consume between 1.6 g/kg/day and 2.4 g/kg/day of protein if you work out during the day, adjusting the amount based on the intensity of your workout.
Adapt your intake to your goals, but remember that protein isn't everything: a varied and balanced diet, hydration, sleep, and training remain essential for optimal results.
